Method of making high-pbessitbe hose



sept. 14 1926. 41,599,905

M. LoUGHEAp MTHOD' OF' MAKING HIGH PRESSURE HOSE Filed July lO. 1925 m Mx/Mami my@ t Patented sega.,l 1 4, 1926.-

'tirarseA STATES PATENT OF MALCOLM LOUGHE'AD, OF DETROIT, momo 1,599,905 FICE.

IA N, ASSIGNOR TO HYDRAULIC BRAKE comm, or Los ANGELES, oaLIrOnNIA, A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIAn METHOD or MAKING HIGH-PRESSURE Hoen. i I i Application med July 10, 1925. Serial 30.42,0.

yto a high pressure making the same. pressure hose' used This invention relates hose and the method of It is important that high vfor conveying non-compressible liquid from h l a power cylinder to work automobile braking system shall be substantially non-expansive under the pressures is relieved. Such a hose 'the coll and permitting the hose embedded in the encountered in th brakes. The hose in practice for this purpose is rovided with an internal metallic lining ma e'of a'coilfof wire, which coil is inserted in the hose by, a plying a pressure to the hose muchlhigher` t an that expected to be encountered in the operation of the brakes, theninserting hose to contract of wire when the pressure is satisfactory so e operation of the vehicle around the coil long as the brake from the outside of the coil of wire. The reason that such a hose is non-expansive under ordinary conditions is that the rubber of the hose is normally under stress against the outside of thecoil of wire and does not change its position to leave the coily and thus enlarge the Ipassage through the -hose until the pressure has exceeded that represented by .the natural compression of the rubber against the wire spring.

he object of my present invention is to provide a hose which shall be substantially non-expanding throughout a wider range than that above described andwhich lias been heretofore used for braking-purposes. In accordance with my present invention, I utilize a hose which is provided with a coiled wire insert which lies embedded with- Th in the hose, preferably between two layers ofifabric therein, this wire restricting the expansion of the fhose under high pressure to a much greater degree than if the hose were constructed of rubber and fabric without the embedded coil of wire. Within the passage through this hose I place a coil of springjwire which, by the 4process hereinafter described, is caused to contact with pressure against the inner pressing a portion of the rubber and fabric between the two coils of wire, that inner opening through the hose.

yinvention comprises the hose, as abovel described, and the process by which the hose cylinders in an heretofore commonly used th pressure remains belowthat v at which the hose may be expanded away lthe h vends of said, wire.

hose and, that lining they so that when the gland 14 is the coupling member l5 (Fig. 4),the-,po'r-.rM111?v is constructed, and is illustrated in the Aaccompanymg drawing, in whichi 1gure l represents a linkor lengthof ose having coupling members attached to each end thereof, a portion yof the hose and pne coupling mem er being shown in sec- .1on; f

Fig. 2 illustrates the tool used e .inner coil ofwire within the hose; .t '1g'. 3 isa Section through.,4 the hose inin inserting sc rtmg member takenl on the line 3--3fofV y l Fig. aand Fig: 4 illustratesthe machine for-use in lnsertlng the tool and coil of- Fig. y2 within the hose. 1 y

My invention can -be best understood ,by following out the process by which the hose is constructed. edv with a coil of reinforcing wire 6 embedded inrubben 7 between the layers of fabric 8 ,is first attached'to two coupling members, the openings through the end of the coupling members being substantially the same size as the normal opening through A coil of spring vwire'of sufficient length to extend throughout the length of they hose andinto the 'coupling membersl at eachend'thereof is/placed upon a -two-part mandrel, each end of the spring wire coil'being turned inwardly, the mandrel being provided .with a longitudinalslot or keyway for receiving the turned-in This mandrel, as shown 1n Fig. 2,is composed-of twoparts 10 and 11, the mating ends of which are provided undesired relative rotation of the two parts. e key-way 12 extends into each ofthe registering parts 10 andl 11 for a total dis tance substantially'equal to the length of the coil spring to be inserted After the parts 10 and 11 have been inserted into the coil spring from Ithe opposite ends thereof, they are relatively rotated whilev l0 withlregistering slot and driver topi-event in the hose. v

the driver and slot connection is held out 100 of registry untilthe spring .has been tightly l` wound about-the mandrel. Thereupon the parts 10'and 11 'are pushed V'together to. a

T e elongated end of the'mafndrel-y 11 'ex-"5 tends permanently through a packinggland 14 (see'Fig. 4) and is of sufficient `length threadedaupon tion of the mandrell 11, having the slot or keyway therein, extends entirely through 1 and beyond the coupling member attache Y 11 of the mandrel.

yto the other end of the section ofhose into which the spring isto be inserted. A fixture 16 having an opening 17 therein of greater length than the full length of the hose is arranged to receive the fitting on the end of the hose remote from the acking gland, the assembled mandrel with its coiled spring extending into the opening 17 of the fixture 16. After the parts have been thus assembled, the valve 19 is opened and fluid under extremely high pressure is admitted to the hollow portion of the fiture 17 and to the interior of the closed section, its escape being blocked by the 'packing gland 14 which surrounds the end of the portion the valve 19 expands the hose plied through y 20 and at the same time assists in forcing the mandrel and. its surrounding c oil of spring wire into the hose to a position at which the end of the spring wire enters the recess .Q1-in the end of the thimble of the coupling 15. lf the pressure produced the fluid entering through 19 is insufficient to slide the portion 11 of the mandrel through ythe packing gland,

assisted by the application of` a pulling force on the protruding end of the mandrel.l

When the mandrel and spring have arrived at the position at which the spring abuts the lrecess 21, the portion 11 ofthe mandrel is pulled on for a sufficient distance to cause the portions 10 and 11 ofthe mandrel.- to spread. out their driver and slot connection.

"This frees the part 10of the m-andrel which then rotates rapidly under the infiuence of the spring and permits come expanded within the bore of the hose, which itself is now expanded'under the influence of the pressure from the valve 19. The valve 19 is now closed and the portion 11 pulled outwardly a sufficient distance to relieve the pressure .within the hose, whereupon the hose contracts firmly about the expanded spring wire coil. gland 14 is now removed from the coupling member 15 and the oppositecoupling member is removed from the fixture 16, whereupon the members 10 and 11 may be op- ,hose at a` time positely removed from the hose section.

`A hose made by the process just described exhibits very nearly uniform non-expansive characteristics up to extremely high pressures. since the inner coil or wire has been expanded by its own unfurling action against the wall of the passage. through the when the hose is expanded to the most extreme size to which it is capable .Y of being safely expanded by the fiuid pressure thereindelivered from the fixture 16.

1"; ..Q'Wlicmthehose is in use,

` it will withstand an extremely high pressurelbefore the rub- The fiuid thus ap-Y it may be' lining.

the spring to "be-- The' packing be'r constituting the inner lining of the hose is pressed away from the outer wall of the spring, and even when such pressure is applied as is capable of pressing the hose away from the outer wall of the spring. The second coil of wire embedded between the fabrics of the hose brings a further expansion until substantially the break-down pressure of the hose has been reached.

hose-constructed as shown in Fig. 1, and not provided'with the inner coil spring, is necessarily somewhat expensive because of the price of the 'rubber which lines the passage through theihose, but when provided with an expanded sprin lining by the process U described herein, the expansion under all` pressures less than the break-down pressure of the hose becomes substantially negligible.

Although I have illustrated and described one method of inserting a coiled spring lining within the hose, Iit is to be understood that other methods may be employed without departing from the spirit or scope of my invention.

1. The process of making a substantially non-expanding hose which Aconsists in tightly coiling a spring wire about a mandrel, applying pressure within the hose to expand the same,

inserting the mandrel and coil spring wire within the hosel whileA the latter is thus expanded, permitting they spring wire to unfurl within the hose while thelatter is still expandedand relieving the pressure. within the hose to permit the latter to contract about the unfurled spring wire 2.- The proces of constructing a substantially non-expanding hose which comprises winding a spring to less than its natura diameter about a mandrel, inserting the mandrel and spring within an opening of the hose, permitting the spring to unfurl within the hose and removing the mandrel.

3. The process of constructing a substan- ,tially non-expanding hose which consists in winding a spring about a two-piece mandrel so thatthe diameter of the spring is contracted to less than its natural diameter,

, inserting the mandrel and spring within a hose and removing the two parts of the mandrel, one from one end of -the hose and the other from the other end of the hose.v

4.l The process of constructing a substantially non-expanding lhose which consists in winding a tightly coiled spring about a twopiece mandrel, inserting a portion of the mandrel which .protrudes from the end of the spring entirely through the hose into which the spring is to be inserted, providing a packing joint for the mandrel where it projects from the end of the hose, applying fluid pressure to the other end of the hose for expanding the same to the greatest degree within the safety limit, forcing the mandrel with its spring into the hose,

. while the hose permitting the separating the tWo parts of the mandrel and permitting the spring to unfurl Within the hose is under higher pressure, relieving the pressure Within the hose and hose to contract about the expanded wire coil and removing the mandrel from the hose. l

5. The method of making a substantially non-expanding hose which consists in tightly coiling a spring Wire, applying pressure Within the hose to expand the same, inserting the coil of spring Wire Within the -hose While the latter is thus expanded, permit-ting the'spring Wire to unfurl within the hose While the latter is still expanded, and relieving the pressure Within the hose to permit the latter to contract about the,

unfurled spring wire lining.

6. 'The process of constructing a substantially non-expanding hose which comprises Winding a spring less ,than Iits natural diameter, inserting the spring Within the l hose, and permitting the spring yto unfurl Within the hose. Y

In witnessV whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 3rd day of July, 1925.

F MALCOLM LOUGHEAD. 

